Todo Ali Gali
Written units
Section titled “Written units”| ID | Variants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| isol | init | medi | fina | |
| A | ᠠ᠋ a | ᠠ᠋᠊ a e i o ue hX hh | ᠊᠇᠊ a e i o ue ng n hh | ᠊ᠠ᠌ a n |
| Aa | ᠊ᠠ᠋ a | |||
| B | ᠪ᠊ b | ᠊ᠪ᠊ b | ||
| B2 | ᠊ᠪ᠋ b | |||
| Bh | ? pX | ? pX | ||
| C | ᠼ᠊ chX | ᠊ᠼ᠊ chX | ||
| Ch | ᠴ᠊ z | ᠊ᠴ᠊ z | ||
| Cp | ᡓ᠊ j | ᠊ᡓ᠊ j | ||
| Cr2 | ᢍ᠊ trhX | ᠊ᢍ᠊ trhX | ||
| Dp | ᡑ᠊ d | ᠊ᡑ᠊ d | ||
| Ds2 | ? drX | ? drX | ||
| Dv | ᢐ᠊ tX | ᠊ᢐ᠊ tX | ᠊ᢐ tX | |
| E | ᠊ᡄ᠊ e | ᠊ᡄ e | ||
| G | ᠬ᠌᠊ gX g | ᠊ᠬ᠌᠊ gX g ng ngX | ||
| G2 | ? ng | |||
| Hb | ᡎ᠌᠊ g | ᠊ᡎ᠍᠊ g | ||
| Hp | ᡎ᠍᠊ g | ᠊ᡎ᠋᠊ g | ᠊ᡎ g | |
| Hr | ᠊ᠾ᠊ hX hh lh | ᠊ᠾ hX hh | ||
| I | ᠢ᠋᠊ y | ᠊ᠢ᠍᠊ y | ||
| I3 | ᠊ᡅ᠌ i | |||
| Ip | ᠊ᡅ᠌᠊ i | ᠊ᡅ᠋ i | ||
| Ir | ᠊ᢧ᠋ yX | |||
| J | ᡔ᠊ c | ᠊ᠵ᠊ c | ||
| K | ᠻ᠊ khX | ᠊ᠻ᠊ khX | ||
| K2 | ᠺ᠊ kX | ᠊ᠺ᠊ kX | ||
| L | ᠯ᠊ l lh | ᠊ᠯ᠊ l lh | ᠊ᠯ l | |
| Lv | ᠊ᡃ᠊ lvs | ᠊ᡃ lvs | ||
| M | ᠮ᠊ m | ᠊ᠮ᠊ m | ||
| M2 | ᠊ᡏ m | |||
| N | ᠨ᠊ ngX n | ᠊ᠨ᠋᠊ ngX n | ||
| Ny | ᡛ᠊ ny | ᠊ᡛ᠊ ny | ||
| O | ᠊ᠣ᠊ ue | ᠊ᠣ᠋ ue | ||
| Ob | ᠊ᡆ᠊ o | ᠊ᡆ o | ||
| Ph | ? p | ? p | ||
| Q | ᢗ᠊ qX | ᠊ᢗ᠊ qX | ||
| R | ᠷ᠊ r | ᠊ᠷ᠊ r | ᠊ᠷ r | |
| Rz | ᢙ᠊ zhX | ᠊ᢙ᠊ zhX | ||
| S | ᠰ᠊ s | ᠊ᠰ᠊ s | ᠊ᠰ s | |
| Sh | ᠱ᠌᠊ sh | ᠊ᠱ᠌᠊ sh | ᠊ᠱ sh | |
| Sx | ᢔ᠊ shX | ᠊ᢔ᠊ shX | ||
| Tp | ᡐ᠊ t | ᠊ᡐ᠊ t | ||
| U | ᠊ᠣ᠌ ue | |||
| Wb | ᡖ᠊ w | ᠊ᡖ᠊ w | ||
| Wn | ᢏ᠊ nrX | ᠊ᢏ᠊ nrX | ||
| Wp | ᠊ᢦ waX | |||
| Yp | ᠊ᢧ᠊ yX | ᠊ᢧ yX | ||
| Zc | ᢋ᠊ zr | ᠊ᢋ᠊ zr | ᠊ᢋ zr | |
| Zr | ᡁ᠊ trX | ᠊ᢌ᠊ trX | ||
| Zz | ᡜ᠊ zX | ᠊ᡜ᠊ zX | ||
Phonetic letters
Section titled “Phonetic letters”| Letter | FVS | Variants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| isol | init | medi | fina | ||
| 1820 ᠠ a | - | ᠊ᠠ᠊ A | |||
| 1 | ᠠ᠋ A | ᠊ᠠ᠋᠊ A A | ᠊ᠠ᠋ Aa | ||
| 2 | ᠠ᠌᠊ A A | ᠊ᠠ᠌ A | |||
| 3 | ᠠ᠍ A A | ||||
| 1844 ᡄ e | - | ᡄ A E | ᡄ᠊ A E | ᠊ᡄ᠊ E | ᠊ᡄ E |
| 1 | ᠊ᡄ᠋᠊ A E | ||||
| 1845 ᡅ i | - | ᡅ A I3 | ᡅ᠊ A Ip | ||
| 1 | ᠊ᡅ᠋᠊ A Ip | ᠊ᡅ᠋ Ip | |||
| 2 | ᠊ᡅ᠌᠊ Ip | ᠊ᡅ᠌ I3 | |||
| 1846 ᡆ o | - | ᡆ A Ob | ᡆ᠊ A Ob | ᠊ᡆ᠊ Ob | ᠊ᡆ Ob |
| 1 | ᠊ᡆ᠋᠊ A Ob | ||||
| 1849 ᡉ ue | - | ᡉ A U | ᡉ᠊ A O | ᠊ᡉ᠊ O | |
| 1 | ᡉ᠋ A O | ᠊ᡉ᠋᠊ A O | ᠊ᡉ᠋ O | ||
| 2 | ᠊ᡉ᠌ U | ||||
| 1843 ᡃ lvs | - | ᡃ → medi 0 | ᡃ᠊ → medi 0 | ᠊ᡃ᠊ Lv | ᠊ᡃ Lv |
| 183A ᠺ kX | - | ᠺ → init 0 | ᠺ᠊ K2 | ᠊ᠺ᠊ K2 | ᠊ᠺ → medi 0 |
| 183B ᠻ khX | - | ᠻ → init 0 | ᠻ᠊ K | ᠊ᠻ᠊ K | ᠊ᠻ → medi 0 |
| 183E ᠾ hX | - | ᠾ → init 0 | ᠾ᠊ A Hr | ᠊ᠾ᠊ Hr | ᠊ᠾ Hr |
| 1889 ᢉ gX | - | ᢉ → init 0 | ᢉ᠊ G | ᠊ᢉ᠊ G | ᠊ᢉ → medi 0 |
| 184E ᡎ g | - | ᡎ → init 2 | ᠊ᡎ Hp | ||
| 1 | ᡎ᠋ → init 1 | ᡎ᠋᠊ G | ᠊ᡎ᠋᠊ Hp | ||
| 2 | ᡎ᠌᠊ Hb | ᠊ᡎ᠌᠊ G | |||
| 3 | ᡎ᠍᠊ Hp | ᠊ᡎ᠍᠊ Hb | |||
| 184A ᡊ ng | - | ᡊ → medi 0 | ᡊ᠊ → medi 0 | ᠊ᡊ᠊ A G | ᠊ᡊ A G2 |
| 188A ᢊ ngX | - | ᢊ → init 0 | ᢊ᠊ N G | ᠊ᢊ᠊ N G | ᠊ᢊ → medi 0 |
| 1853 ᡓ j | - | ᡓ → init 0 | ᡓ᠊ Cp | ᠊ᡓ᠊ Cp | ᠊ᡓ → medi 0 |
| 183C ᠼ chX | - | ᠼ → init 0 | ᠼ᠊ C | ᠊ᠼ᠊ C | ᠊ᠼ → medi 0 |
| 185C ᡜ zr | - | ᡜ → init 0 TODx | ᡜ᠊ Zc | ᠊ᡜ᠊ Zc | ᠊ᡜ Zc |
| 185B ᡛ ny | - | ᡛ → init 0 | ᡛ᠊ Ny | ᠊ᡛ᠊ Ny | ᠊ᡛ → medi 0 |
| 188C ᢌ trX | - | ᢌ → init 0 | ᢌ᠊ Zr | ᠊ᢌ᠊ Zr | ᠊ᢌ → medi 0 |
| 188D ᢍ trhX | - | ᢍ → init 0 | ᢍ᠊ Cr2 | ᠊ᢍ᠊ Cr2 | ᠊ᢍ → medi 0 |
| 188E ᢎ drX | - | ᢎ → init 0 TODx | ᢎ᠊ Ds2 | ᠊ᢎ᠊ Ds2 | ᠊ᢎ → medi 0 TODx |
| 188F ᢏ nrX | - | ᢏ → init 0 | ᢏ᠊ Wn | ᠊ᢏ᠊ Wn | ᠊ᢏ → medi 0 |
| 1890 ᢐ tX | - | ᢐ → init 0 | ᢐ᠊ Dv | ᠊ᢐ᠊ Dv | ᠊ᢐ Dv |
| 1850 ᡐ t | - | ᡐ → init 0 | ᡐ᠊ Tp | ᠊ᡐ᠊ Tp | ᠊ᡐ → medi 0 |
| 1851 ᡑ d | - | ᡑ → init 0 | ᡑ᠊ Dp | ᠊ᡑ᠊ Dp | ᠊ᡑ → medi 0 |
| 1828 ᠨ n | - | ᠨ → init 0 | ᠨ᠊ N | ||
| 1 | ᠊ᠨ᠋᠊ N | ||||
| 2 | ᠊ᠨ᠌᠊ A | ᠊ᠨ᠌ A | |||
| 1892 ᢒ pX | - | ᢒ → init 0 TODx | ᢒ᠊ Bh | ᠊ᢒ᠊ Bh | ᠊ᢒ → medi 0 TODx |
| 184C ᡌ p | - | ᡌ → init 0 TODx | ᡌ᠊ Ph | ᠊ᡌ᠊ Ph | ᠊ᡌ → medi 0 TODx |
| 184B ᡋ b | - | ᡋ → init 0 | ᡋ᠊ B | ᠊ᡋ᠊ B | ᠊ᡋ B2 |
| 184F ᡏ m | - | ᡏ → init 0 | ᡏ᠊ M | ᠊ᡏ᠊ M | ᠊ᡏ M2 |
| 1855 ᡕ y | - | ᡕ → init 0 | ᡕ᠊ I | ᠊ᡕ᠊ I | ᠊ᡕ → medi 0 |
| 18A7 ᢧ yX | - | ᢧ → medi 0 | ᢧ᠊ → medi 0 | ᠊ᢧ᠊ Yp | ᠊ᢧ Yp |
| 1 | ᠊ᢧ᠋ Ir | ||||
| 1837 ᠷ r | - | ᠷ → init 0 | ᠷ᠊ R | ᠊ᠷ᠊ R | ᠊ᠷ R |
| 182F ᠯ l | - | ᠯ → init 0 | ᠯ᠊ L | ᠊ᠯ᠊ L | ᠊ᠯ L |
| 1856 ᡖ w | - | ᡖ → init 0 | ᡖ᠊ Wb | ᠊ᡖ᠊ Wb | ᠊ᡖ → medi 0 |
| 18A6 ᢦ waX | - | ᢦ → fina 0 | ᢦ᠊ → fina 0 | ᠊ᢦ᠊ → fina 0 | ᠊ᢦ Wp |
| 1831 ᠱ sh | - | ᠱ → init 2 | ᠊ᠱ Sh | ||
| 2 | ᠱ᠌᠊ Sh | ᠊ᠱ᠌᠊ Sh | |||
| 1894 ᢔ shX | - | ᢔ → init 0 | ᢔ᠊ Sx | ᠊ᢔ᠊ Sx | ᠊ᢔ → medi 0 |
| 1830 ᠰ s | - | ᠰ → init 0 | ᠰ᠊ S | ᠊ᠰ᠊ S | ᠊ᠰ S |
| 1859 ᡙ hh | - | ᡙ → init 0 | ᡙ᠊ A Hr | ᠊ᡙ᠊ A Hr | ᠊ᡙ A Hr |
| 1854 ᡔ c | - | ᡔ → init 0 | ᡔ᠊ J | ᠊ᡔ᠊ J | ᠊ᡔ → medi 0 |
| 1834 ᠴ z | - | ᠴ → init 0 | ᠴ᠊ Ch | ᠊ᠴ᠊ Ch | ᠊ᠴ → medi 0 |
| 1899 ᢙ zhX | - | ᢙ → init 0 | ᢙ᠊ Rz | ᠊ᢙ᠊ Rz | ᠊ᢙ → medi 0 |
| 1896 ᢖ zX | - | ᢖ → init 0 | ᢖ᠊ Zz | ᠊ᢖ᠊ Zz | ᠊ᢖ → medi 0 |
| 1897 ᢗ qX | - | ᢗ → init 0 | ᢗ᠊ Q | ᠊ᢗ᠊ Q | ᠊ᢗ → medi 0 |
| 1840 ᡀ lh | - | ᡀ → init 0 | ᡀ᠊ L Hr | ᠊ᡀ᠊ L Hr | ᠊ᡀ → medi 0 |
Shaping process
Section titled “Shaping process”Letter classes
Section titled “Letter classes”| Class | Letters |
| masculine vowel | |
| feminine vowel | |
| neuter vowel | |
| vowel | |
| long vowel | |
| consonant | kX, khX, hX, gX, g, ng, ngX, j, chX, zr, ny, trX, trhX, drX, nrX, tX, t, d, n, pX, p, b, m, y, yX, r, l, w, waX, sh, shX, s, hh, c, z, zhX, zX, qX, lh |
| bowed written unit |
Mongolian-specific phase
Section titled “Mongolian-specific phase”| Shaping step | Letters | Condition | Mapping type |
| 2. Syllabic | g | if precedes a masculine vowel or a masculine long vowel: | masculine_onset |
| else if precedes a feminine vowel or a neuter vowel or a feminine long vowel or a neuter long vowel: | feminine | ||
else if g follows a vowel or a long vowel: | masculine_devsger | ||
| 5. Post-bowed | if follows a bowed written unit: | post_bowed |
Conditional mapping
Section titled “Conditional mapping”| Letter | Mapping type | Variants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| isol | init | medi | fina | ||
| 1820 ᠠ a | default | ᠠ᠍ | ᠠ᠌᠊ | ᠊ᠠ᠊ | ᠊ᠠ᠌ |
| post_bowed | ᠊ᠠ᠋ | ||||
| 1844 ᡄ e | default | ᡄ | ᡄ᠊ | ᠊ᡄ᠊ | ᠊ᡄ |
| 1845 ᡅ i | default | ᡅ | ᡅ᠊ | ᠊ᡅ᠌᠊ | ᠊ᡅ᠌ |
| post_bowed | ᠊ᡅ᠋ | ||||
| 1846 ᡆ o | default | ᡆ | ᡆ᠊ | ᠊ᡆ᠊ | ᠊ᡆ |
| 1849 ᡉ ue | default | ᡉ | ᡉ᠊ | ᠊ᡉ᠊ | ᠊ᡉ᠌ |
| post_bowed | ᠊ᡉ᠋ | ||||
| 1843 ᡃ lvs | default | ᡃ | ᡃ᠊ | ᠊ᡃ᠊ | ᠊ᡃ |
| 183A ᠺ kX | default | ᠺ | ᠺ᠊ | ᠊ᠺ᠊ | ᠊ᠺ |
| 183B ᠻ khX | default | ᠻ | ᠻ᠊ | ᠊ᠻ᠊ | ᠊ᠻ |
| 183E ᠾ hX | default | ᠾ | ᠾ᠊ | ᠊ᠾ᠊ | ᠊ᠾ |
| 1889 ᢉ gX | default | ᢉ | ᢉ᠊ | ᠊ᢉ᠊ | ᠊ᢉ |
| 184E ᡎ g | default | ᡎ | ᡎ᠌᠊ | ᠊ᡎ᠍᠊ | ᠊ᡎ |
| devsger | ᠊ᡎ᠋᠊ | ||||
| feminine | ᡎ᠋᠊ | ᠊ᡎ᠌᠊ | |||
| masculine_onset | ᡎ᠌᠊ | ᠊ᡎ᠍᠊ | |||
| 184A ᡊ ng | default | ᡊ | ᡊ᠊ | ᠊ᡊ᠊ | ᠊ᡊ |
| 188A ᢊ ngX | default | ᢊ | ᢊ᠊ | ᠊ᢊ᠊ | ᠊ᢊ |
| 1853 ᡓ j | default | ᡓ | ᡓ᠊ | ᠊ᡓ᠊ | ᠊ᡓ |
| 183C ᠼ chX | default | ᠼ | ᠼ᠊ | ᠊ᠼ᠊ | ᠊ᠼ |
| 185C ᡜ zr | default | ᡜ | ᡜ᠊ | ᠊ᡜ᠊ | ᠊ᡜ |
| 185B ᡛ ny | default | ᡛ | ᡛ᠊ | ᠊ᡛ᠊ | ᠊ᡛ |
| 188C ᢌ trX | default | ᢌ | ᢌ᠊ | ᠊ᢌ᠊ | ᠊ᢌ |
| 188D ᢍ trhX | default | ᢍ | ᢍ᠊ | ᠊ᢍ᠊ | ᠊ᢍ |
| 188E ᢎ drX | default | ᢎ | ᢎ᠊ | ᠊ᢎ᠊ | ᠊ᢎ |
| 188F ᢏ nrX | default | ᢏ | ᢏ᠊ | ᠊ᢏ᠊ | ᠊ᢏ |
| 1890 ᢐ tX | default | ᢐ | ᢐ᠊ | ᠊ᢐ᠊ | ᠊ᢐ |
| 1850 ᡐ t | default | ᡐ | ᡐ᠊ | ᠊ᡐ᠊ | ᠊ᡐ |
| 1851 ᡑ d | default | ᡑ | ᡑ᠊ | ᠊ᡑ᠊ | ᠊ᡑ |
| 1828 ᠨ n | default | ᠨ | ᠨ᠊ | ᠊ᠨ᠌᠊ | ᠊ᠨ᠌ |
| devsger | ᠊ᠨ᠌᠊ | ||||
| onset | ᠊ᠨ᠋᠊ | ||||
| 1892 ᢒ pX | default | ᢒ | ᢒ᠊ | ᠊ᢒ᠊ | ᠊ᢒ |
| 184C ᡌ p | default | ᡌ | ᡌ᠊ | ᠊ᡌ᠊ | ᠊ᡌ |
| 184B ᡋ b | default | ᡋ | ᡋ᠊ | ᠊ᡋ᠊ | ᠊ᡋ |
| 184F ᡏ m | default | ᡏ | ᡏ᠊ | ᠊ᡏ᠊ | ᠊ᡏ |
| 1855 ᡕ y | default | ᡕ | ᡕ᠊ | ᠊ᡕ᠊ | ᠊ᡕ |
| 18A7 ᢧ yX | default | ᢧ | ᢧ᠊ | ᠊ᢧ᠊ | ᠊ᢧ |
| 1837 ᠷ r | default | ᠷ | ᠷ᠊ | ᠊ᠷ᠊ | ᠊ᠷ |
| 182F ᠯ l | default | ᠯ | ᠯ᠊ | ᠊ᠯ᠊ | ᠊ᠯ |
| 1856 ᡖ w | default | ᡖ | ᡖ᠊ | ᠊ᡖ᠊ | ᠊ᡖ |
| 18A6 ᢦ waX | default | ᢦ | ᢦ᠊ | ᠊ᢦ᠊ | ᠊ᢦ |
| 1831 ᠱ sh | default | ᠱ | ᠱ᠌᠊ | ᠊ᠱ᠌᠊ | ᠊ᠱ |
| 1894 ᢔ shX | default | ᢔ | ᢔ᠊ | ᠊ᢔ᠊ | ᠊ᢔ |
| 1830 ᠰ s | default | ᠰ | ᠰ᠊ | ᠊ᠰ᠊ | ᠊ᠰ |
| 1859 ᡙ hh | default | ᡙ | ᡙ᠊ | ᠊ᡙ᠊ | ᠊ᡙ |
| 1854 ᡔ c | default | ᡔ | ᡔ᠊ | ᠊ᡔ᠊ | ᠊ᡔ |
| 1834 ᠴ z | default | ᠴ | ᠴ᠊ | ᠊ᠴ᠊ | ᠊ᠴ |
| 1899 ᢙ zhX | default | ᢙ | ᢙ᠊ | ᠊ᢙ᠊ | ᠊ᢙ |
| 1896 ᢖ zX | default | ᢖ | ᢖ᠊ | ᠊ᢖ᠊ | ᠊ᢖ |
| 1897 ᢗ qX | default | ᢗ | ᢗ᠊ | ᠊ᢗ᠊ | ᠊ᢗ |
| 1840 ᡀ lh | default | ᡀ | ᡀ᠊ | ᠊ᡀ᠊ | ᠊ᡀ |
References
Section titled “References”-
Information technology — Todo nominal characters, presentation characters and use rules of controlling characters. China national standard, GB/T 36649—2018.
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Zheng Weizhe. (2016). Preliminary proposal to encode four letters in Todo and Manchu Ali Gali. L2/16-331.
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Kushim Jiang. (2021). Proposal to encode four Mongolian characters in UCS. L2/21-244.
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Yeerda. (2017). 伊犁河流域额鲁特人托忒文文献荟萃. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.
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Хөхийн Бямбажав (2019). Тод үсгийн сурах бичиг. Улаанбаатар: Соёмбо Принтинг.