Manchu Ali Gali

Written units

ID	Variants				Ligated Variants
	isol	init	medi	fina	init	medi	fina
A	 e	 a aaX e i o u ue	 a aaX e i ng n sbm	 a e n		
A2		 sbm
Aa				 a e			
Ah			 e	 e		
Ai			 ii	 ii
At				 e			
Aw				 aaX
B		 b	 b	 b	 	 
Bc		 bhX	 bhX		 	 
Bg		 pX	 pX		 	 
Cc		 cr	 cr
Ch		 ch	 ch	 ch
Cs		 c	 c
Ct		 cX	 cX
D			 t
Db			 t
Dd			 t	 t
Dh			 d
Dr		 tX	 tX	 tX
Dt		 d	 d
Dw			 dhX
Dx			 dhX
Dy		 tX	 tX
G		 k	 k ng	 ng	 	 
G4				 k
Gc		 h	 h		 	 
Gh		 g	 g		 	 
Gx		 k	 k	 k	 	 
H		 k	 k
Hc		 h	 h
Hh		 g	 g
Hh2			 g
Hx			 k	 k
Hy		 ghX	 ghX
Hy2			 ghX
I		 j	 i ue	 i			
Ic		 zr
Ih		 drhX
Iq		 crX
It		 trX
Iy				 i
J			 j	 j
Jc			 zr	 zr
Jh			 drhX
Jq			 crX
Jt			 trX	 trX
K2		 kh	 kh		 	 
Kh		 gh	 gh	 gh	 	 
L		 l	 l	 l		
L2		 l
Lc		 lhX	 lhX
M		 m	 m	 m		
N		 n	 n	 n
Nb		 ngX	 ngX
Ni			 e
Nx			 n	 n
O			 o u ue	 o u			
Oh			 u	 u			
Pb		 p	 p		 	 
R		 r	 r
R2				 r
R3		 r	 r
S		 s	 s	 s
S3				 s
Sc		 zX	 zX
Sp		 sh	 sh	 sh
St		 zhX	 zhX
St2		 zhX	 zhX
Sx		 shX	 shX
T		 t
Tb		 t
Th		 d
Ts		 dhX
Tt		 d
Tx		 dhX
U				 o u
Ue				 ue			
Uh				 u
W		 w	 w
Wc		 bhX	 bhX			
Wd		 bhX	 bhX			
Wn		 nrX	 nrX	 nrX
Y		 y	 y
Zs		 z	 z
Zt		 jhX	 jhX

Phonetic letters

Letter	FVS	Variants
		isol	init	medi	fina
1820 ᠠ a	-			 A
	1				 Aa
	2		 A A		 A
	3	 A A
1887 ᢇ aaX	-	 A Aw	 A A	 A	 Aw
185D ᡝ e	-	 A	 A Ni
	1			 A	 A
	2			 Ah	 At
	3				 Aa
	4				 Ah
1873 ᡳ i	-		 A I
	1			 I I	 Iy
	2	 A I		 A I	 I
	3			 I
1823 ᠣ o	-	 A O	 A O	 O
	1				 O
	2				 U
1860 ᡠ u	-	 A Oh	 A Oh
	1			 O	 U
	2			 Oh	 Oh
	3				 O
	4				 Uh
1861 ᡡ ue	-	 A Ue	 A O I	 O I	 Ue
185F ᡟ ii	-	 → medi	 → medi	 Ai	 Ai
186C ᡬ gh	-	 → init	 Kh	 Kh	 Kh
183A ᠺ kh	-	 → init	 K2	 K2	 → medi
1864 ᡤ g	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 Gh	 Gh
	2		 Hh	 Hh
	3			 Hh2
1874 ᡴ k	-	 → init 3
	1	 → init 1	 G	 Hx	 G4
	2	 → init 2	 Gx	 G	 Gx
	3		 H	 H	 Hx
	4			 Gx
189A ᢚ ghX	-	 → init	 Hy		 → medi 2
	1			 Hy2
	2			 Hy
189B ᢛ ngX	-	 → init	 Nb	 Nb	 → medi
1829 ᠩ ng	-	 → medi	 → medi	 A G	 A G
189C ᢜ cX	-	 → init	 Ct	 Ct	 → medi
186E ᡮ c	-	 → init	 Cs	 Cs	 → medi
186F ᡯ z	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	2		 Zs	 Zs
189D ᢝ jhX	-	 → init	 Zt	 Zt	 → medi
189E ᢞ trX	-	 → init	 It	 Jt	 Jt
1871 ᡱ cr	-	 → init	 Cc	 Cc	 → medi
1877 ᡷ zr	-	 → init	 Ic	 Jc	 Jc
189F ᢟ drhX	-	 → init	 Ih	 Jh	 → medi
188F ᢏ nrX	-	 → init	 Wn	 Wn	 Wn
18A0 ᢠ tX	-	 → init 2			 Dr
	1	 → init 1	 Dy	 Dy
	2		 Dr	 Dr
1868 ᡨ t	-	 → init 1			 Dd
	1	 → init 2	 Tb	 Db
	2		 T	 Dd
	3			 D
1869 ᡩ d	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 Tt	 Dt
	2	 → init 3	 Th	 Dh
	3		 Dt
18A1 ᢡ dhX	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 Ts	 Dw
	2		 Tx	 Dx
1828 ᠨ n	-	 → init	 N
	1			 N	 N
	2			 A	 A
	3			 Nx	 Nx
1892 ᢒ pX	-	 → init	 Bg	 Bg	 → medi
1866 ᡦ p	-	 → init	 Pb	 Pb	 → medi
182A ᠪ b	-	 → init	 B	 B	 B
18A8 ᢨ bhX	-	 → init	 Bc	 Bc	 → medi
	1	 → init 1	 Wd	 Wd
	2	 → init 2	 Wc	 Wc
182E ᠮ m	-	 → init	 M	 M	 M
1836 ᠶ y	-	 → init 2			 → medi 3
	2		 Y
	3			 Y
1875 ᡵ r	-	 → init	 R	 R	 R2
	1	 → init 1	 R3	 R3
182F ᠯ l	-	 → init	 L	 L	 L
	1	 → init 1	 L2
1838 ᠸ w	-	 → init	 W	 W	 → medi
1867 ᡧ sh	-	 → init	 Sp	 Sp	 Sp
18A2 ᢢ shX	-	 → init	 Sx	 Sx	 → medi
1830 ᠰ s	-	 → init	 S	 S	 S
	2				 S3
1865 ᡥ h	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 Gc	 Gc
	2		 Hc	 Hc
18A3 ᢣ crX	-	 → init	 Iq	 Jq	 → medi
1834 ᠴ ch	-	 → init	 Ch	 Ch	 Ch
1835 ᠵ j	-	 → init	 I	 J	 J
18A4 ᢤ zhX	-	 → init	 St	 St	 → medi
	1	 → init 1	 St2	 St2
18A5 ᢥ zX	-	 → init	 Sc	 Sc	 → medi
1807 ᠇ sbm	-	 → init	 A2	 A	 → medi
18AA ᢪ lhX	-	 → init	 Lc	 Lc	 → medi

Shaping process

Letter classes

Class	Letters
masculine vowel	a, o, ue
feminine vowel	e, u
neuter vowel	i
vowel	a, aaX, e, i, o, u, ue, ii
consonant	gh, kh, g, k, ghX, ngX, ng, cX, c, z, jhX, trX, cr, zr, drhX, nrX, tX, t, d, dhX, n, pX, p, b, bhX, m, y, r, l, w, sh, shX, s, h, crX, ch, j, zhX, zX, sbm, lhX
masculine bowed written unit	Kh, K2
feminine bowed written unit	Gh, G, Gc, Hh, Hh2, Hy, Hy2, Nb
neuter bowed written unit	Bg, Pb, B, Bc

Mongolian-specific phase

Shaping step	Letters	Condition	Mapping type
2. Syllabic	o, u	if follows an initial consonant:	marked
	i	if follows cX or z or jhX:	marked
	e, u	if follows tX or t or d or dhX or g or k or ghX or h:	feminine, feminine_marked
	n	if precedes a vowel:	onset
		else if precedes a consonant:	devsger
	tX, t, d, dhX	if precedes a or i or o:	masculine_onset
		else if precedes e or u or ue:	feminine
		else if t follows a vowel:	devsger
	k, g, h	if precedes a masculine vowel:	masculine_onset
		else if precedes a feminine vowel or a neuter vowel:	feminine
4. Devsger	i, u	if follows a vowel:	vowel_devsger
5. Post-bowed	a, o	if follows a neuter bowed written unit or a masculine bowed written unit:	post_bowed
	e, u	if follows a neuter bowed written unit or a feminine bowed written unit:	post_bowed, post_bowed_feminine

Conditional mapping

Letter	Mapping type	Variants
		isol	init	medi	fina
1820 ᠠ a	default				
	post_bowed				
1887 ᢇ aaX	default				
185D ᡝ e	default				
	feminine				
	post_bowed				
	post_bowed_feminine				
1873 ᡳ i	default				
	marked				
	vowel_devsger			
1823 ᠣ o	default				
	marked				
	post_bowed				
1860 ᡠ u	default				
	marked				
	feminine				
	feminine_marked				
	vowel_devsger				
	post_bowed				
	post_bowed_feminine				
1861 ᡡ ue	default				
185F ᡟ ii	default				
186C ᡬ gh	default				
183A ᠺ kh	default				
1864 ᡤ g	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
1874 ᡴ k	default				
	masculine_onset			
	masculine_devsger				
	feminine				
189A ᢚ ghX	default				
189B ᢛ ngX	default				
1829 ᠩ ng	default				
189C ᢜ cX	default				
186E ᡮ c	default				
186F ᡯ z	default				
189D ᢝ jhX	default				
189E ᢞ trX	default				
1871 ᡱ cr	default				
1877 ᡷ zr	default				
189F ᢟ drhX	default				
188F ᢏ nrX	default				
18A0 ᢠ tX	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
1868 ᡨ t	default				
	devsger			
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
1869 ᡩ d	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
18A1 ᢡ dhX	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
1828 ᠨ n	default				
	onset			
	devsger			
1892 ᢒ pX	default				
1866 ᡦ p	default				
182A ᠪ b	default				
18A8 ᢨ bhX	default				
182E ᠮ m	default				
1836 ᠶ y	default				
1875 ᡵ r	default				
182F ᠯ l	default				
1838 ᠸ w	default				
1867 ᡧ sh	default				
18A2 ᢢ shX	default				
1830 ᠰ s	default				
1865 ᡥ h	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
18A3 ᢣ crX	default				
1834 ᠴ ch	default				
1835 ᠵ j	default				
18A4 ᢤ zhX	default				
18A5 ᢥ zX	default				
1807 ᠇ sbm	default				
18AA ᢪ lhX	default				

References

• Information technology — Manchu nominal characters, presentation characters and use rules of controlling characters. China national standard, GB/T 36645—2018.

• Zheng Weizhe, Wang Yihua. (2017). Glyph corrections for Ali Gali final forms in the Mongolian block. L2/17-115R.

• Zheng Weizhe. (2016). Preliminary proposal to encode four letters in Todo and Manchu Ali Gali. L2/16-331.

• 汉满蒙藏四体合璧大藏全咒, 同文韵统, 阿礼嘎礼读咒法. 民国十八年上海涵芬楼影印清乾隆内府刻本.