Manchu

Written units

ID	Variants				Ligated Variants
	isol	init	medi	fina	init	medi	fina
A	 e	 a e i o u ue	 a e i sbm n ng	 a e n		
Aa				 a e			
Ah			 e	 e		
Ai			 ii	 ii
At				 e			
B		 b	 b	 b	 	 
Cc		 cr	 cr
Ch		 ch	 ch
Cs		 c	 c
D			 t
Db			 t
Dd			 t	 t
Dh			 d
Dt			 d
G		 k	 ng k	 ng	 	 
G4				 k
Gc		 h	 h		 	 
Gh		 g	 g		 	 
Gx		 k	 k	 k	 	 
H		 k	 k
Hc		 h	 h
Hh		 g	 g
Hx			 k	 k
I	 i	 j	 i ue	 i			
Ic		 zr
Iy				 i
J			 j
Jc			 zr
K2		 kh	 kh		 	 
Kc		 hh	 hh		 	 
Kh		 gh	 gh		 	 
L		 l	 l	 l		
M		 m	 m	 m		
N		 n	 n	 n
Ni			 e
O			 o u ue	 o u			
Oh			 u	 u			
Pb		 p	 p		 	 
R		 r	 r
R2				 r
Rr		 rh	 rh
S		 s	 s	 s
Sp		 sh	 sh	 sh
T		 t
Tb		 t
Th		 d
Tt		 d
U				 o u
Ue				 ue			
Uh				 u
V		 f	 f
W		 f w	 f w
Y		 y	 y
Zs		 z	 z

Phonetic letters

Letter	FVS	Variants
		isol	init	medi	fina
1820 ᠠ a	-			 A
	1				 Aa
	2		 A A		 A
	3	 A A
185D ᡝ e	-	 A	 A Ni
	1			 A	 A
	2			 Ah	 At
	3				 Aa
	4				 Ah
1873 ᡳ i	-		 A I
	1	 I		 I I	 Iy
	2	 A I		 A I	 I
	3			 I
1823 ᠣ o	-	 A O	 A O	 O
	1				 O
	2				 U
1860 ᡠ u	-	 A Oh	 A Oh
	1			 O	 U
	2			 Oh	 Oh
	3				 O
	4				 Uh
1861 ᡡ ue	-	 A Ue	 A O I	 O I	 Ue
185F ᡟ ii	-	 → medi	 → medi	 Ai	 Ai
1807 ᠇ sbm	-	 → medi	 → medi	 A	 → medi
1828 ᠨ n	-	 → init	 N
	1			 N	 N
	2			 A	 A
1829 ᠩ ng	-	 → medi	 → medi	 A G	 A G
1874 ᡴ k	-	 → init 3
	1	 → init 1	 G	 Hx	 G4
	2	 → init 2	 Gx	 G	 Gx
	3		 H	 H	 Hx
	4			 Gx
1864 ᡤ g	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 Gh	 Gh
	2		 Hh	 Hh
1865 ᡥ h	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 Gc	 Gc
	2		 Hc	 Hc
182A ᠪ b	-	 → init	 B	 B	 B
1866 ᡦ p	-	 → init	 Pb	 Pb	 → medi
1830 ᠰ s	-	 → init	 S	 S	 S
1867 ᡧ sh	-	 → init	 Sp	 Sp	 Sp
1868 ᡨ t	-	 → init 1			 Dd
	1	 → init 2	 Tb	 Db
	2		 T	 Dd
	3			 D
1869 ᡩ d	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 Tt	 Dt
	2		 Th	 Dh
182F ᠯ l	-	 → init	 L	 L	 L
182E ᠮ m	-	 → init	 M	 M	 M
1834 ᠴ ch	-	 → init	 Ch	 Ch	 → medi
1835 ᠵ j	-	 → init	 I	 J	 → medi
1836 ᠶ y	-	 → init 2			 → medi 3
	2		 Y
	3			 Y
1875 ᡵ r	-	 → init	 R	 R	 R2
1876 ᡶ f	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	1	 → init 1	 W	 W
	2		 V	 V
1838 ᠸ w	-	 → init	 W	 W	 → medi
183A ᠺ kh	-	 → init	 K2	 K2	 → medi
186C ᡬ gh	-	 → init	 Kh	 Kh	 → medi
186D ᡭ hh	-	 → init	 Kc	 Kc	 → medi
186E ᡮ c	-	 → init	 Cs	 Cs	 → medi
186F ᡯ z	-	 → init 2			 → medi 2
	2		 Zs	 Zs
1870 ᡰ rh	-	 → init	 Rr	 Rr	 → medi
1871 ᡱ cr	-	 → init	 Cc	 Cc	 → medi
1877 ᡷ zr	-	 → init	 Ic	 Jc	 → medi

Final AI in letter i. Final AI in letter i is introduced in GB/T 36645—2018, where the written form AI of letter i in the examples jui, is the differing form derived from letter analysis. Since jusbmi is preferred, the written form is marked in gray.

Shaping process

Letter classes

Class	Letters
masculine vowel	a, o, ue
feminine vowel	e, u
neuter vowel	i
vowel	a, e, i, o, u, ue, ii
consonant	sbm, n, ng, k, g, h, b, p, s, sh, t, d, l, m, ch, j, y, r, f, w, kh, gh, hh, c, z, rh, cr, zr
masculine bowed written unit	K2, Kh, Kc
feminine bowed written unit	G, Gh, Gc, Gx
neuter bowed written unit	B, Pb

Mongolian-specific phase

Shaping step	Letters	Condition	Mapping type
2. Syllabic	o, u	if follows an initial consonant:	marked
	f	if precedes i or o or u or ue:	marked
	i	if follows z:	marked
	e, u	if follows t or d or k or g or h:	feminine, feminine_marked
	n	if precedes a vowel:	onset
		else if precedes a consonant:	devsger
	t, d	if precedes a or i or o:	masculine_onset
		else if precedes e or u or ue:	feminine
		else if precedes a consonant:	devsger
		else if a vowel precedes t:	devsger
	k, g, h	if precedes a masculine vowel:	masculine_onset
		else if precedes a feminine vowel or a neuter vowel:	feminine
		else if k follows e that follows t:	masculine_devsger
		else if k follows u that follows k or g or h:	feminine
		else if k follows e or ue:	feminine
		else k:	masculine_devsger
3. Particle	i	if follows an MVS:	particle
4. Devsger	i	if follows a vowel:	vowel_devsger
5. Post-bowed	a, o	if follows a neuter bowed written unit or a masculine bowed written unit:	post_bowed
	e, u	if follows a neuter bowed written unit or a feminine bowed written unit:	post_bowed, post_bowed_feminine

Conditional mapping

Letter	Mapping type	Variants
		isol	init	medi	fina
1820 ᠠ a	default				
	post_bowed				
185D ᡝ e	default				
	feminine				
	post_bowed				
	post_bowed_feminine				
1873 ᡳ i	default				
	marked				
	particle	
	vowel_devsger			
1823 ᠣ o	default				
	marked				
	post_bowed				
1860 ᡠ u	default				
	marked				
	feminine				
	feminine_marked				
	post_bowed				
	post_bowed_feminine				
1861 ᡡ ue	default				
185F ᡟ ii	default				
1807 ᠇ sbm	default				
1828 ᠨ n	default				
	onset			
	devsger			
1829 ᠩ ng	default				
1874 ᡴ k	default				
	masculine_onset			
	masculine_devsger				
	feminine				
1864 ᡤ g	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
1865 ᡥ h	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
182A ᠪ b	default				
1866 ᡦ p	default				
1830 ᠰ s	default				
1867 ᡧ sh	default				
1868 ᡨ t	default				
	devsger			
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
1869 ᡩ d	default				
	masculine_onset			
	feminine			
182F ᠯ l	default				
182E ᠮ m	default				
1834 ᠴ ch	default				
1835 ᠵ j	default				
1836 ᠶ y	default				
1875 ᡵ r	default				
1876 ᡶ f	default				
	marked			
1838 ᠸ w	default				
183A ᠺ kh	default				
186C ᡬ gh	default				
186D ᡭ hh	default				
186E ᡮ c	default				
186F ᡯ z	default				
1870 ᡰ rh	default				
1871 ᡱ cr	default				
1877 ᡷ zr	default				

References

• Information technology — Manchu nominal characters, presentation characters and use rules of controlling characters. China national standard, GB/T 36645—2018.