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This is the editor’s draft of the Mongolian UTN.

Hudum Ali Gali

Written units

IDVariantsLigated Variants
isolinitmedifinainitmedifina
A
Aa
B

B2
Bg

C
Ch
Cr2
Dq
Ds
Dv
G

G4
Hr
I
I4
J
K

K2

L
M
M2
N
Ny
O
Pg

Q
R
Rh2
S
Sh
Sx
Tp
U
Ue
Vi
W
Wn
Wp
Z
Zc
Zr2
Zz3

Phonetic letters

LetterFVSVariants
isolinitmedifina
1820
ᠠ a		-
A
1
A
A		 
A A
Aa
2
Aa		 
A A
A
3 
A A
1888
ᢈ iX		- 
A I4		 
A I
I
I4
1826
ᠦ ue		- 
A Ue
1 
A U		 
O I
2 
A O I
O
3
O
U
1827
ᠧ ee		- 
A W		 
A W
W
W
1823
ᠣ o		- 
A O		 
A O
O
1
O
2
U
1889
ᢉ kX		-
→ init
G
G		 
G Vi
183B
ᠻ k		-
→ init
K
K
→ medi
183A
ᠺ k2		-
→ init
K2
K2
→ medi
1 
K2 Vi
183E
ᠾ hh		- 
→ init		 
A Hr
Hr
Hr
1829
ᠩ ng		- 
→ medi		 
→ medi		 
A G		 
A G
188A
ᢊ ngX		- 
→ init		 
N G		 
N G		 
N G4
188B
ᢋ cX		-
→ init
Zc
Zc
Zc
183C
ᠼ c		-
→ init
C
C
C
183D
ᠽ z		-
→ init
Z
Z
Z
185B
ᡛ nyX		-
→ init
Ny
Ny
Ny
188C
ᢌ trX		-
→ init
Zr2
Zr2
Zr2
188D
ᢍ trhX		-
→ init
Cr2
Cr2
→ medi
188E
ᢎ drX		-
→ init
Ds
Ds
Ds
188F
ᢏ nrX		-
→ init
Wn
Wn
Wn
1890
ᢐ tX		-
→ init
Dv
Dv
Dv
1850
ᡐ thX		-
→ init
Tp
Tp
Tp
1891
ᢑ dX		-
→ init
Dq
Dq
Dq
1828
ᠨ n		-
→ init
N
1
N
2
A
A
1892
ᢒ pX		-
→ init
Bg
Bg
Bg
1893
ᢓ phX		-
→ init
Pg
Pg
→ medi
182A
ᠪ b		-
→ init
B
B
B
1
B2
184F
ᡏ mX		-
→ init
M
M
M2
1855
ᡕ yX		-
→ init
I
I
→ medi
1837
ᠷ r		-
→ init
R
R
R
182F
ᠯ l		-
→ init
L
L
L
1838
ᠸ w		-
→ init
W
W
W
18A6
ᢦ waX		-
→ medi
→ medi
Wp
→ medi
1831
ᠱ sh		-
→ init 2
Sh
2
Sh
Sh
1894
ᢔ shX		-
→ init
Sx
Sx
Sx
1830
ᠰ s		-
→ init
S
S
S
1859
ᡙ hX		- 
→ init		 
A Hr		 
A Hr		 
A Hr
1854
ᡔ crX		-
→ init
J
J
J
1834
ᠴ ch		-
→ init
Ch
Ch
Ch
1895
ᢕ zrX		-
→ init
Rh2
Rh2
→ medi
1896
ᢖ zX		-
→ init
Zz3
Zz3
Zz3
1897
ᢗ qX		-
→ init
Q
Q
→ medi
1840
ᡀ lh		- 
→ init		 
L Hr		 
L Hr		 
→ medi

Final AG in letter ng. Both final NG4 and final AG4 are used to record Tibetan /ŋ/ in Buddhist Mantras. The final AG4 is considered as a variant of final AG, and the two shapes correspond to the same written form.

Shaping process

Letter classes

ClassLetters
vowel a, iX, ue, ee, o
consonant kX, k, k2, hh, ng, ngX, cX, c, z, nyX, trX, trhX, drX, nrX, tX, thX, dX, n, pX, phX, b, mX, yX, r, l, w, waX, sh, shX, s, hX, crX, ch, zrX, zX, qX, lh
bowed written unit

G, K, K2, Bg, Pg, B

Mongolian-specific phase

Shaping stepLettersConditionMapping type
1. Chachlagaif follows an MVS:chachlag
2. Syllabicüif follows an initial consonant or an initial consonant cluster:marked
a

if precedes an MVS that precedes an isolated a:

chachlag_onset
5. Post-bowed

a, o, ue

if follows a bowed written unit:post_bowed

post_wa. The written form A of letter a is substituted by the post_wa form when it follows waX.

Conditional mapping

LetterMapping typeVariants
isolinitmedifina
1820
ᠠ a		default 
chachlag
chachlag_onset
post_bowed
1888
ᢈ iX		default 
1826
ᠦ ue		default 
marked
post_bowed
1827
ᠧ ee		default 
1823
ᠣ o		default 
post_bowed
1889
ᢉ kX		default 
183B
ᠻ k		default
183A
ᠺ k2		default
183E
ᠾ hh		default 
1829
ᠩ ng		default   
188A
ᢊ ngX		default   
188B
ᢋ cX		default
183C
ᠼ c		default
183D
ᠽ z		default
185B
ᡛ nyX		default
188C
ᢌ trX		default
188D
ᢍ trhX		default
188E
ᢎ drX		default
188F
ᢏ nrX		default
1890
ᢐ tX		default
1850
ᡐ thX		default
1891
ᢑ dX		default
1828
ᠨ n		default
1892
ᢒ pX		default
1893
ᢓ phX		default
182A
ᠪ b		default
184F
ᡏ mX		default
1855
ᡕ yX		default
1837
ᠷ r		default
182F
ᠯ l		default
1838
ᠸ w		default
18A6
ᢦ waX		default
1831
ᠱ sh		default
1894
ᢔ shX		default
1830
ᠰ s		default
1859
ᡙ hX		default   
1854
ᡔ crX		default
1834
ᠴ ch		default
1895
ᢕ zrX		default
1896
ᢖ zX		default
1897
ᢗ qX		default
1840
ᡀ lh		default   

References

  • Information technology — Traditional Mongolian nominal characters, presentation characters and use rules of controlling characters. China national standard, GB/T 25914—2023.

  • Information technology — Traditional Mongolian nominal characters, presentation characters and use rules of controlling characters. China national standard, GB/T 25914—2010.

  • Information technology — The Transferring rules of Traditional Mongolian nominal form to variant form. Mongolian Language and Script Digital Resource Construction and Sharing Project, Mongolian script standard for information processing, MGC/01-01, version 1.0.5 (June 18, 2021).

  • Zheng Weizhe, Wang Yihua. (2017). Glyph corrections for Ali Gali final forms in the Mongolian block. L2/17-115R.

  • Дьердь Кара. (1972). Книги Монгольских Кочевников. Москва: Издательства «Наука».

  • Wurihan. (2019). Study on the revival font development of the Kangxi version of Mongolian Kanjur. Master thesis, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.

  • 汉满蒙藏四体合璧大藏全咒, 同文韵统, 阿礼嘎礼读咒法. 民国十八年上海涵芬楼影印清乾隆内府刻本.